Collection Occupational hygiene, Issue 29, 1993 year

Comparative assessment of the conditions for the use of new water-miscible and oil lubricating-cooling technological media

G. P. Rozhkovskaya, E. K. Gorobets, N. G. Dedovskikh, I. V. Gubar

doi

Institute of Occupational Medicine, Kiev

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In recent years, a trend towards wider use of water-miscible cutting fluids (cutting fluids) has dominated, the synthetic products of which have greater versatility in comparison with cutting fluids of other classes [8, 10]. So, by 2000, the total share of water-miscible compositions in the production of lubricating-cooling technological media (COTS) for metal processing should increase to 56–58% [6].

The increase in the use of water-miscible cutting fluids also has an ecological aspect - each ton of water-miscible compositions releases several tons of oil products. At present, as a result of the widespread use of oil cutting fluids, machine building holds the 4th place in the pollution of the hydrosphere [5, 9].

The main share in the mixture of organic compounds emitted into the air of the working zone during the operation of the Sinma-1M and Sinma-2M coolants falls on paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons, among which there were no low molecular weight. The content of aromatic hydrocarbons with molecular weights Ce — Cu was 0.14–0.19 mgm3. Other substances were found in trace amounts.

The data of mass spectrometric analysis of air samples of the working area showed that when using the oil cutting fluid Ukrinol-20, all groups of hydrocarbon vapors (oxygen-containing, paraffinic, naphthenic, alkyl-benzene) were found in insignificant amounts. So, at a milling machine, their total content was in the range of 0.3 mg / m3 - 2.68 mg / m3, at a distance of 1.5 m from the machine - from 0.23 mg / m3 to 0.94 mg / m3, in average 0.5 mg / m3 ± 0.1 mg / m3.

Thus, the operating conditions of water-miscible and oil-based cutting fluids from the standpoint of occupational health are significantly different. Water-miscible cutting fluids in most cases lead to less intense formation and, consequently, the entry into the air of the working zone of products of thermooxidative destruction. However, in contrast to oil cutting fluids, for which the formation of mixtures of relatively constant composition is characteristic in the process of thermal oxidative destruction [4], when introducing into the national economy each new composition of water-miscible cutting fluids and TSs, it is necessary to identify the composition of products of thermal oxidative destruction. During the research, we came to the following conclusions.

  1. The technological parameters of the use of water-miscible cutting fluids predetermine their less intense thermo-oxidative degradation in comparison with oil cutting fluids and TS.
  2. Complex steam-gas-aerosol mixtures, which enter the air of the working zone when using oil cutting fluids OSM-A and Ukrinol-20, are identical in quantitative composition; they can be classified as mixtures of relatively constant composition.
  3. When introducing new water-miscible cutting fluids and technological lubricants into the national economy, in each specific case, it is necessary to identify the qualitative composition of the products of their thermo-oxidative destruction.

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