Collection Occupational hygiene, Issue 28, 1992 year

Status and dynamics of occupational morbidity of chemical etiology in Ukraine

M. A. Ershova, I. E. Factorov

doi

Kiev Research Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

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In contrast to other occupational hazards, chemical substances have recently become less and less the cause of occupational diseases, as evidenced by the literature data. Thus, it was noted that as a result of the active implementation of preventive measures, the concentration of harmful substances in the air of chemical industries decreased to maximum permissible concentration, which led to a sharp decrease in the frequency of occupational diseases [2]. diagnostics of early stages of intoxication [2,8, 11].

It is noted that in the chemical industry of the country since 1970, no pronounced forms of intoxication with many harmful substances have been observed, their number is decreasing [7]. However, in connection with the nonspecific action of poisons, there is also an underestimation of the indicators of the true prevalence of occupational pathology [6].

Until now, the problem of identifying and recording occupational dermatoses has not been resolved in the republic, despite the circular letters M3 of the Ukrainian SSR and the corresponding publications [5, 9]. Against the background of an increase in the worldwide risk of exposure to industrial allergens as part of chemical occupational pathology in Ukraine, as already noted, only a few cases of allergies, asthma, etc. are recorded.

The data presented indicate that despite the small number of victims and the relatively low level of pathology associated with exposure to harmful chemicals, the danger of its development in modern production conditions does not decrease. This is confirmed by the short development time of pathology, and the variety of professions in which it is registered, and the young age of the victims. According to the development of the "Cards for recording occupational diseases (occupational poisoning)" for 1989, it was established that the parameters of harmful substances in the working area in most cases exceeded the MPC. Occupational pathologists, occupational hygienists, administrations of enterprises, trade unions need to improve prevention, identification, recording and analysis of occupational pathologies of chemical origin.

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