Collection Occupational hygiene, Issue 22, 1986 year

The role and significance of labor physiology in the formation and prevention of occupational pathology

M. L. Ershova

doi

Kiev Research Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

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As a result of many years of study of occupational morbidity at enterprises of various sectors of the national economy of the Ukrainian SSR, it was found that the formation of pathology in persons of most professions is associated not only with imperfect technology and the ineffectiveness of other engineering and hygienic measures, but also with insufficient implementation of a set of measures aimed at improving physiology of labor. These include omissions in organizing and conducting professional selection, insufficient consideration of the severity and intensity of work, non-observance of optimal work and rest regimes, irrational working posture, etc.

Automation and mechanization of production processes, the widespread introduction of new technologies and a set of technical, hygienic and therapeutic-prophylactic measures contributed to the improvement of working conditions and health status of workers, lengthening the latent periods of the development of chronic forms of occupational pathology and reducing the level of occupational morbidity in persons of various professions working in leading industries National economy. However, in the system of preventive measures, the physiological reserve is still insufficiently used, that is, the actual human factor, the implementation of which does not require significant material costs, or changes in technology or production reconstruction.

Based on the level of occupational morbidity of workers in the national economy, determined mainly by diseases caused by inhalation of dust (pneumoconiosis, chronic bronchitis), vibration-noise pathology (vibration disease and cochlear neuritis) and diseases of the musculoskeletal system, as well as occupational characteristics of work (in miners, sinkers, cutters, drillers, etc.), it is possible to identify the need for the correct, physiologically rational organization of work and rest, which helps to reduce the degree of physical and neuro-emotional stress, the impact of occupational hazards on workers.

To prevent diseases caused by dust, noise and vibration, as well as diseases of the musculoskeletal system, the regulation of labor activity, depending on the level and duration of exposure to a harmful factor among workers in coal mines [9], the introduction of complex forms of work organization in iron-ore industry [10], etc.

The great importance of the physiological factor in the prevention of various forms of occupational diseases and poisoning determines the need to expand research in this direction by the joint efforts of hygienists, labor physiologists, occupational pathologists and specialists in the scientific organization of labor.

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