Collection Occupational hygiene, Issue 31, 2000 year

Occupational hazards and arterial hypertension

Yu.I. Kundiev, E.P. Krasnyuk

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Institute of Occupational Health of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev

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The most common reaction of the cardiovascular system in response to stress and other adverse effects is an increase in blood pressure. Arterial hypertension in Ukraine is currently registered in more than 13 million people, annually increasing since 1996 by 430 thousand cases / 1 /.

As you know, in the etiology of arterial hypertension, a significant place is given to genetic (hereditary-constitutional) and exogenous influences: poorly organized life, bad habits, hypokinesia, overweight, conflict situations, etc.

A person is an integral biological, mobile, self-governing system that realizes itself in a social environment and in relationship with external factors, as well as interpersonal relationships.

Emotions are a peculiar manifestation of human adaptation to various conditions of the social environment. Emotional stress in a healthy body causes a specific integration of information, regulatory and energy processes in the body, which helps to maintain homeostasis. According to P.K. Anokhin, the main role in this belongs to the nervous system, which ensures stability in the regulation of both individual functions and the whole organism. Homeostasis is maintained with the participation of the nervous and hormonal systems. In nervous regulation, an important role belongs to the cerebral cortex, reticular formation, hypothalamus, in the hormonal sympathoadrenal, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and vasoinsulin systems, between which there is a close functional relationship.

Along with the well-known measures aimed at preventing arterial hypertension, such as early identification of risk groups with a hereditary predisposition, promotion of a healthy lifestyle, etc., hygiene requirements for each workplace should be met, and above all the standards governing the levels and exposure of hazards.

Among the measures for the primary prevention of arterial hypertension, preliminary medical examination upon hiring is of paramount importance, as well as dynamic medical supervision, which provides for the identification of risk groups for the development of the disease for further dispensary observation and rational employment.

Recently, in a number of countries (USA, Sweden, Finland, etc.), a new form of pathology - burned out diseases - has been included in the list of occupational diseases, which corresponds to chronic neuro-emotional overstrain accompanied by arterial hypertension. According to forecasts of many experts, this syndrome will be one of the most frequent occupational diseases with the widespread introduction of information technology.

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