Collection Occupational hygiene, Issue 29, 1993 year

Occupationally determined disorders of biochemical homeostasis in agricultural machine operators

V. A. Stitzhka, F. A. Onikienko, I. V. Blakita

doi

Institute of Occupational Medicine, Kiev

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Agricultural machine operators have high levels of diseases of the peripheral and central nervous system, bronchopulmonary apparatus, digestive system, as well as occupational pathology [6, 7]. However, the pathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of professionally conditioned pathology in machine operators remain insufficiently studied to date.

Previously, we have proved the high information content of using indicators of the functional state of the free radical oxidation system (FRO) and determining the activity of a number of indicator enzymes in the blood serum as criteria for primary shifts in cellular and tissue homeostasis when the body is exposed to harmful factors of the working environment and in assessing the level of physical health of people [8 , 10, 11].

The purpose of this work is to identify professionally caused disorders of biochemical homeostasis in agricultural machine operators using the above indicators combined into a diagnostic test system.

The studies carried out by agricultural machine operators to study the functional state of the FRO system and the activity of indicator enzymes in the blood serum, combined into a diagnostic test system, revealed a number of important facts that allow us to identify some pathogenetic links in the mechanism of the adverse effect of factors of the working environment on them. First, the dependence of the functional state of SRO and the severity of compensatory-adaptive reactions on the age and professional experience of the workers was established. It has been shown that the formation of a free radical pathological process caused by a complex of unfavorable professional factors on machine operators occurs already at a young age (20-30 years) with work experience up to G) years and is due to insufficient GHR and depletion of the endogenous AO system. With increasing age and professional experience, there is a deepening of FRO disorders, leading to free radical damage to biological membranes, confirmed by dystopia of indicator enzymes in the blood. This is probably the reason for the increased frequency of such diseases of the cardiovascular system as ischemic heart disease, myocardial dystrophy, atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis. Secondly, it was revealed that factors related to the sanitary and hygienic features of the territories in which their production activities are carried out have a significant impact on the biochemical homeostasis and, in particular, on the functional state of the SRO system of machine operators. The latter is especially important, since in the future it will probably make it possible to determine the contribution of such pollutants of the working environment of machine operators as radionuclides to the pathogenetic load on the body of machine operators and to assess the harmfulness and danger of their work under these conditions. And, finally, the dependence of the degree of violation of biochemical homeostasis according to the indicators of the test system used on the intensity of air pollution in the working area with lead, given the pronounced cardiovasotoxic and atherogenic effect [12], poses an important task for hygienic science - to identify the pathological role of this chemical pollutant in the formation of pathology of the cardiovascular system among agricultural machine operators.

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