Collection Occupational hygiene, Issue 25, 1989 year
Features of the working conditions of greenhouses with industrial technologies for growing vegetables in greenhouses
V.F. Viter, V.I .Veliky, V.N. Oskina, Yu. G. Bondarenko, LG. Popov
doi
Kiev Research Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases,
Cherkasy Regional Sanitary and Epidemiological Station
The intensification of agricultural production provides for the widespread introduction of industrial technologies for the cultivation of crops and the use of integrated plant protection systems [3]. The specifics of technological processes and the peculiarities of working conditions when growing agricultural products in greenhouses have always attracted the attention of hygienists. Most of the works were devoted to the problem of hygienic regulation of the use of pesticides [1]. Some researchers [2] suggested setting the terms of resumption of work in greenhouses based on the dynamics of the content of xenobiotics in the air of the working zone at a level below the MPC, which was reflected in OST 46.3.1.168-84 SSBT “Application of pesticides in greenhouses. Safety requirements". In the future, the idea was expressed about the need to take into account the joint intake of chemical compounds into the body through the respiratory system, skin and compare this dose with the most harmless daily dose.
At the same time, the widespread introduction of industrial technologies into greenhouse production requires studying the influence of the entire complex of factors on the functional state of the body of greenhouses.
Hygienic studies were carried out at 4 large greenhouse complexes of the Ukrainian SSR during the period of mass harvesting and during the liquidation period (chemical roasting of plant residues, disinfection of soil and hydroponic substrate). These technological stages were not chosen by chance. Despite the fact that the use of pesticides in greenhouses has been sharply reduced in recent years, it is at these stages by industrial technology. It is envisaged to use a mixture of pesticides that exceeds the consumption rate by 3-5 times, while the frequency of treatments is significantly increased.
It has been established that out of 40 types of work in greenhouses, more than 85% of women perform manually, of which about half of the work is classified as moderate and heavy. The timing showed that the employment rate of female workers during the shift is from 86 to 92%.
The data obtained indicate that a complex of production factors acts on the body of greenhouses: a heating microclimate and radiant heat, chemical means of protection and mineral fertilizers. It should also be noted that this impact occurs against the background of significant physical exertion, unregulated working hours, and the absence of a rational regime of work and rest.
To improve the working conditions of greenhouses, it is advisable to introduce safe and highly effective biological means of combating pests and diseases of vegetable crops into greenhouse production. It is also necessary to carry out certification of greenhouse work places, which will undoubtedly serve as the basis for the introduction of mechanization means, optimization of work and rest regimes for workers.
References
- Golovaneva G. V. Usloviya truda i sostoyaniye zdorov'ya rabotnits teplichnykh khozyaystv//Occupational hygiene i prof. zabolevaniya. — 1984. — № 9. — S. 33—35.
- Zor'yeva T. D. O nauchnom obosnovanii srokov vozobnovleniya rabot posle primeneniya pestitsidov v teplitsakh//Tam zhe. — 1982. — № 3. — S. 74—76.
- Tsukanov YU. S. Industrial'nyye tekhnologii vozdelyvaniya ovoshchnykh kul'tur — K.: Vishcha shk., 1986. — 152 s.