Collection Occupational hygiene, Issue 26, 1990 year

The main directions of increasing the hygienic efficiency of measures for the prevention of diseases of dust etiology in electric welders at the production association `Ternopil Combine Plant`

P. N. Ivanov, L. P. Komov, I.B. Mullar

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Ternopil Regional SES

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In the process of production of modern agricultural machinery (beet and haulm harvesters, etc.), a large amount of electric welding is carried out, for example, in a protective environment of carbon dioxide (CO2).

In terms of labor intensity, semi-automatic and automatic welding in a CO2 environment at the Ternopil Combine Plant is about 87%, while manual (gas and arc) welding accounts for no more than 0.5. Processes of semi-automatic arc welding of steel structures in a CO2 protective environment involve working a number of harmful production factors of chemical (welding aerosols and gases), as well as physical (infrared and ultraviolet radiation of the arc, static loads on the upper limb and shoulder girdle, maintaining the body in a forced position, general workshop noise, etc.) nature [1, 4, 5]. The degree of their adverse effect can vary significantly depending on the qualitative composition of the welding materials used (Sv-08G2S, PPAN-8 wires, ANO-4 electrodes), welding modes, the type and composition of shielding gases, the spatial arrangement of the respiratory organs in relation to the flow spreading from arc of welding aerosol, the availability and effectiveness of means of normalizing working conditions, including the device of local ventilation, the degree of mechanization of labor-intensive operations and a number of other factors.

Among the hygienic measures, along with such traditional methods of respiratory protection as the use of anti-dust (ShB-1, “Lepestok”, “Kama-200”, etc.) and anti-dust and gas (“Snezhok” KUM, “Snezhok” GP) respirators , in the future, special attention should be paid to the widespread use of devices for the forced supply of clean air into the under-mask space. The hygienic assessment of the electric welder's mask with flooding of the breathing zone with clean air supplied from an autonomous small-sized blower fixed to the belt behind the worker's back (developed by the said institute), carried out by us together with the employees of the Kiev Research Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, as well as the Ternopil Combine Plant, showed its sufficient effectiveness. When using this method of air supply under the mask, the concentrations of welding dust, manganese, "acid" gases (CO2, 03), and carbon dioxide (CO) did not exceed their content in the general shop atmosphere.

In the future, the generalization of the data accumulated in the regional SES and at the PO "Ternopil Combine Plant" will make it possible to approach the choice of the optimal set of means for normalizing the air environment in the breathing zone of electric welders and their clearer differentiation, taking into account the specifics and nature of the welding work performed.

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