Collection Occupational hygiene, Issue 26, 1990 year

Organization of workplaces on tractors and changes in the functional state of the neuromuscular system among machine operators

M. Ya. Bolsunova, O. M. Tkachenko, V. P. Ryabtseva

doi

Kiev Research Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

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The introduction of powerful, energy-intensive tractors and combines in modern agriculture makes increased demands on the rational organization of workplaces, ensuring a comfortable working posture for machine operators. At the same time, this issue has not yet received sufficient attention.

In the literature only some parameters of workplaces on tractors and self-propelled agricultural machines are given and their discrepancy is shown to GOST 12.2.019-86 [1, 3]. Few works are devoted to the design and organization of workplaces, taking into account the anthropometric indicators of machine operators. Due attention is not paid to the study of the functional state of the neuromuscular system, which reflects the influence of design features and organization of workplaces on the performance of machine operators. Obtaining such data is necessary for the physiological justification of the requirements for the design of tractors.

The purpose of the study is to study the design features and organization of workplaces on the T-150K, MTZ-80/82 and YuMZ-6L tractors, to determine their compliance with ergonomic requirements and anthropometric data, as well as to analyze changes in the work process of the functional state of the neuromuscular system of machine operators with various anthropometric indicators.

In the course of the research, it was found that the organization of workplaces and the degree of their correspondence to the anatomical dimensions of the body of machine operators significantly affect the functional state of their neuromuscular system when performing work. This indicates the need for a rational organization of jobs on tractors and self-propelled agricultural machines. It is especially important to adjust the position of the hand and foot controls and the seat height in accordance with anthropometric data.

It was found that in order for the parameters of the workplace to be changed taking into account the individual anthropometric indicators of machine operators, the horizontal distance from the TOC to the manual controls should be 386-538 mm (according to GOST 12.2.019 - 86 - 400-500 mm) and be regulated from the middle position of the seat within ± 76 mm, and the horizontal distance to the foot controls is 620-852 mm (according to GOST 12.2.019 - 86 - 750-850 mm) and adjustable within ± 116 mm (with a norm of ± 75 mm) ... The seat height should be 340–500 mm (normal 380–420 mm) and adjustable within ± 80 mm (normal ± 40 mm). The forces applied to the most frequently used controls - the steering wheel and gas pedal - should not exceed 30 and 50 N. respectively.

References

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