Collection Occupational hygiene, Issue 25, 1989 year

Preventive measures for the cutaneous intake of new lubricating and cooling technological media

G.P. Rozhkovskaya


doi

Kiev Research Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

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In the modern machine-building and metalworking industries, the use of cutting-lubricating technological media (COTS) is an indispensable element of ensuring high quality products. The volume of production and the range of cutting fluids (cutting fluids) and technological lubricants (TS) are increasing from year to year, and therefore the contingent of persons who are in contact with these substances in the course of professional production activities [2, 3, 4]. However, until now, in our opinion, due attention has not been paid to the assessment of the degree of toxicity and hazard of COTS during the cutaneous route of exposure, despite the fact that in real production conditions occupational diseases most often occur when COTS gets on the skin [1, 6].

The purpose of our study is to establish hazard criteria and identify patterns of exposure to the body of some components of cutting fluid and TS (in this work, two groups of compounds were studied - derivatives of arylalkyldithiophosphoric acid and oxazoline) in contact with the skin and substantiate the principles of effective prevention.

Thus, the studies carried out indicate that adequate criteria for the danger of coolant and TS in the cutaneous route of exposure can be determined only as a result of a chronic experiment. The degree of resorption of the components of the cutting fluid through the skin largely depends on the composition of the mineral oils used as a base for cutting fluids. When processing metals by cutting, there is an intense contamination of open and closed areas of the skin of machine operators, which can contribute to the development of professional dermatitis and dermatoses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system of effective measures to prevent the possibility of skin exposure to cutting fluids and TS.

The data obtained make it possible to argue for the following methodological approaches to the sanitary-toxicological examination of new cutting fluids when assessing their skin toxicity:

1. Hygienic regulation, providing for: a) a detailed study of the resorptive properties of the basic bases of cutting fluids for the use in production of substances that least contribute to the resorption of the component components of cutting fluid and TC through the skin: b) exclusion of substances belonging to I and II class from the composition of cutting fluid danger according to the criteria of local irritant, skin-resorptive and allergenic action; c) establishment of the permissible amounts of new compounds used as additives in the composition of the cutting fluid, depending on the type of the latter; d) compulsory study of the potential danger of cutting fluid in a chronic experiment using adequate indicators.

2. Development and improvement of criteria, methods and indicators recommended for assessing the skin-resorptive action of SOTS, since they practically do not pose a danger with a single exposure.

3. Establishing the MPL for skin contamination, since in relation to the COTS, the COTS of the skin contamination are adequate hygienic criteria, and for some low-volatile, viscous consistency of the coolant and TS (in the absence of disintegration aerosol in the air in the working area and the presence of irritating and dermal resorptive properties), rut contamination control panel can be the main hygienic standard.

4. Compulsory research at the stage of industrial testing of new SOTS skin condition and immunological reactivity of workers.

Specific prevention measures include:

1. Effective professional selection of workers. Preliminary and periodic medical examinations of persons in contact with coolant and vehicle should be carried out with the participation of a dermatologist and allergist; contraindications for employment related to contact with SOTS are diseases of the sebaceous glands and allergic diseases (not only at the present time, but also in history).

2. Preventing the ingress of coolant and vehicles on the skin by improving the technology of production operations and equipment, the use of personal protective equipment, especially overalls, which currently does not provide full protection of the skin from the effects of coolants.

3. Use of effective and harmless detergents to remove coolant and vehicles from the skin of workers.

References

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