Collection Occupational hygiene, Issue 30, 1999 year

On the problem of studying electromagnetic optical radiation from natural and artificial sources

Gvozdenko L.A.

doi

Institute of Occupational Health of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev

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The optical range of electromagnetic energy, including ultraviolet (UV), visible and infrared (IR) radiation, as an environmental factor necessary for a normal human existence, has attracted more and more attention of researchers in recent years. This is due, first of all, to the study of its biological significance in the formation of the rhythm and energy provision of the optimal functioning of the organism [1-5], clarification of its role in the emergence of distress states, as well as the formation of pathology of the central nervous system [6,7], cataracts [8 ], malignant lesions of the skin and mucous membranes [9, 10], etc.

Secondly, interest in the study of this factor is growing in connection with the increasingly widespread use of powerful artificial light sources (quartz and metal halide lamps), the use of radiation in this range for technological purposes in microelectronics, printing, furniture production, with the improvement of welding processes in all sectors of the national economy, using plasma, laser radiation, with the introduction of optical radiation in various branches of medicine as a therapeutic agent, as well as for the polymerization of materials in dentistry. Thirdly, this is due to changes in the intensity and spectrum of natural solar radiation in conditions of environmental pollution and depletion of the ozone layer of the atmosphere, contributing to an increase in the UV component in the spectrum, as well as changes in the supply of solar energy associated with the greenhouse effect, accompanied by an increase in cloudy days. and other changes in weather conditions [11]. In connection with the foregoing, the number of works aimed at developing means of protection against the damaging effects of this energy range is also increasing.

An important aspect of research on optical radiation is the development of perfect means of protection that prevent the propagation of radiation in the working area and reduce the intensity of the acting radiation fluxes. This is achieved by the development of such protective equipment, the material of which allows either reflecting or absorbing radiation of a certain spectrum. It is important to consider this also when designing special protective clothing.

Promotion of knowledge about the degree of danger of this environmental factor is also one of the important problems, the solution of which will significantly reduce the number of victims of its adverse effects.

The problem of developing criteria for assessing the influence of optical radiation of various spectral composition, its normalization, taking into account the natural background created by the Sun, has real prerequisites for its solution. This is very important for improving sanitary legislation designed to protect a person from the influence of harmful environmental factors, especially at the present time, when it is necessary to certify a variety of equipment emitting in this range of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.

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