Collection Occupational hygiene, Issue 23, 1987 year

On the hygienic assessment of the technological process and the forecast of the sanitary state of the production of the herbicide "NITRAN-K" at the stage of laboratory development

M. N. Korshun, V. A. Korinko, B. F. Filimonov, V. B. Milevskaya

doi

Kiev Research Branch GOSNIIHLORPROEKT

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At present, it is generally recognized a stepwise (taking into account the stages of technological development) approach to the hygienic standardization of harmful substances both in the air of the working area and in the water of reservoirs [6, 8]. Already at the stage of laboratory development and experimental work, it is possible to assess the technological process from a hygienic point of view and predict the sanitary state of the situation that is most likely to develop at the production site. To do this, it is necessary to have a set of data characterizing: the physicochemical properties of the source used (raw materials), the resulting intermediate chemical compounds, auxiliary materials and the target product, the toxicity of substances formed in production, in which from the primary sanitary and toxicological passport; the conditions ocyiii.cc the flow of the technological process (its continuity, temperatures "and pressure in the apparatus), which have the most significant effect on the intake and state of aggregation of harmful substances in the air of the working area; the effectiveness of technological, sanitary-technical and treatment-and-prophylactic measures, tested at related enterprises and on experimental conditions, aimed at creating safe working conditions. The developed criteria for the characteristics and assessment of the hazard to humans of harmful factors of a chemical nature should be guided in the production environment [1, 7].

The organization of individual stages of the technological process in the form of independent production increases the risk of adverse effects of chemicals on workers, as it leads to the emergence of additional operations (unloading, packaging, packing, transportation, storage) and involves an additional number of workers in contact with chemical products.

In order to exclude the possibility of creating a threatening chemical effect on the organism of workers, the above facts and circumstances should be taken into account in the design, construction and subsequent operation of large-scale production of the herbicide nitran-K. In particular, the practice of operating a pilot plant has shown the need for the process in a continuous automated mode, the use of corrosion-resistant materials for the manufacture of equipment in contact with aggressive media (the stages of chlorination of p-chlorobenzotrichloride, and nitration of p-chlorobenzotrifluoride), placement in equipment boxes, which functions by using or releasing hydrogen fluoride. Wastewater containing organic and inorganic impurities must be processed by combining various methods of emission of harmful substances: extraction, stripping, stripping, adsorption, release of fluorine ions in the form of calcium fluoride, or thermally neutralized. Organofluorine-organic wastes from production must be thermally neutralized.

The continuous nature of the technological process, the use of well-studied products, as a rule, of low toxicity as raw materials, the absence among intermediate products of highly volatile and highly hazardous substances in terms of acute toxicity, the absence of drying stages for intermediates and the target product - these are the hygienic advantages of the developed technology, which open up the opportunity to provide workers healthy working conditions.

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