Collection Occupational hygiene, Issue 29, 1993 year

Functional activity of the pituitary-adrenocortical and sympatho-adrenal systems in the participants in the liquidation of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant

N. F. Ivanitskaya

doi

Donetsk Medical Institute

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The mechanisms of nonspecific adaptation of the body to changing environmental conditions and restoration of disturbed homeostasis are closely related to the functions of the sympathoadrenal system (SAS) in its hormonal and mediatory divisions and the hypophysis-adrenocortical system (TACS). The functional state of organs and systems in persons who participated in the liquidation of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant should be considered during the physiological recovery period as the outcome of the impact of a complex of extreme factors. Elucidation of the peculiarities of the functioning of regulatory systems and the dynamics of their changes in this contingent after the combined effect of extreme situation factors is necessary for the diagnosis of diseases at the stage of pre-disease and pathogenetically substantiated correction of distant biological effects.

Studies of some authors [4, 6] have shown that in long-term periods after radiation exposure to the body, disorders in the pituitary system and the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal system (HPA) are determined. With prolonged exposure to the body of heavy metals and their salts, even at low intensity levels, disorders of the glucocorticoid and androgenic functions of the adrenal cortex and the function of the thyroid gland develop [7]. In previous publications, we provided experimental data on the combined effect of ionizing radiation and lead on the HPA [1] and the peculiarities of the combined effect of ionizing radiation and mercury on the central nervous system (CNS) and HPA [2]. There is no information in the literature on the functional state of TACS and SAS. their reactivity in the long term in persons exposed to the factors of a radiation accident.

The aim of the work is to study the composition of peripheral blood, endocrine function of TACS, reactivity and compensatory capabilities of CAC in persons participating in the elimination of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident in an extreme situation in the summer of 1986 and in subsequent years. The dispensary group was examined - 248 men who took part in emergency recovery work at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986-1989, aged from 30 to 45 years. The control group consisted of 50 apparently healthy men (donors) of the same age who were not exposed to radiation.

The revealed dysfunctions of the neurotransmitter and hormonal systems in patients of the observed groups play a significant pathogenetic role in the formation of stochastic effects. The results obtained are of practical importance and can be used to assess the genesis of shifts in the body of liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident, to detect prenosological changes in body functions, and to choose preventive and therapeutic measures.

References

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